Adding Precision to the Treatment of Blood Cancers....................................................................91 Blocking Progression of Metastatic Prostate Cancers...................................................................98 SPOTLIGHT Immunotherapy: Pushing the Frontier of Cancer Medicine.....................................................99 Cancer Immunotherapy and How It Works........99 Releasing the Brakes on the Immune System..............101 Boosting the Cancer-killing Power of Immune Cells...109 Adoptive Cell Therapy.......................................................109 Enhancing Immune Cell Function...................................117 Directing the Immune System to Cancer Cells...........120 Current Challenges in Cancer Immunotherapy.......................................125 Knowledge Gaps in Predicting Response to Immunotherapy...............................................................125 Adverse Effects of Immunotherapy................................125 Disparities in Access to Immunotherapy.......................126 On the Horizon for Immunotherapy..................128 A New Era of mRNA-based Cancer Vaccines..............128 A New Generation of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.........................................................128 A New Wave of Adoptive Cell Therapeutics................129 A New Age of Therapeutic Combinations...................130 Supporting Cancer Patients and Survivors..........132 Challenges Faced by Cancer Survivors.............132 Physical Challenges.............................................................133 Psychosocial Challenges....................................................133 Financial Challenges...........................................................135 Unique Challenges Faced by Vulnerable Patient Populations.............................................................136 Children....................................................................................136 Adolescents and Young Adults.......................................136 Older Adults...........................................................................138 Improving Health-related Quality of Life and Outcomes.......................................................138 Promoting Healthy Behaviors..........................................138 Integrating Palliative Care.................................................138 Improving Mental Health...................................................139 Delivering Care to Cancer Survivors.................141 Coordinating Care................................................................141 Supporting Caregivers.......................................................142 Envisioning the Future of Cancer Science and Medicine..............................................................143 Revolutionizing Cancer Science and Medicine...143 New Frontiers in Cancer Research..................................143 Artificial Intelligence..........................................................146 Wearable Technologies......................................................147 Tackling Difficult-to-Treat Cancers....................147 Glioblastoma.........................................................................148 Pancreatic Cancer...............................................................149 Targeting the Microbiome in Cancer Treatment............................................150 Advancing the Future of Cancer Research and Patient Care Through the Adoption of Evidence-based Policies..........................................152 Investments in Research Fuel a Healthier Future....................................................153 A Diverse Cancer Research and Care Workforce Drives Innovation.............................154 Ensuring Safe and Effective Cancer Therapies Through Regulatory Science............155 Diversifying and Decentralizing Trials............................156 Rapidly Delivering Safe and Effective Therapies to Patients..........................................................156 Addressing Cancer Drug Shortages...............................158 FDA-NCI Collaborations to Promote Innovative Clinical Research.............................................158 Advancing Policy to Strengthen Cancer Prevention and Screening Programs.................158 Leveraging Policy to Reduce Tobacco-related Illness......................................................159 Accelerating Progress Against Pediatric Cancer...................................................159 Building Health Equity by Addressing Cancer Disparities ...............................................163 Conclusion.................................................................. 166 AACR Call to Action..................................................167 References.................................................................. 168 Glossary...................................................................... 184 Appendix..................................................................... 191 Index............................................................................ 193 AACR Initiatives Accelerating Cancer Research........................................................196 AACR Cancer Progress Report 2023 iii
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