more than one of these populations, as detailed in the AACR Cancer Disparities Progress Report 2022 (13). Evidence gathered from such data will help with developing cancer care guidelines and interventions to improve care delivery that is tailored to specific populations, which may lead to health equity for all. Inequities in Cancer Screening Racial and ethnic minorities and other populations that are medically underserved experience disparities in cancer screening uptake, as well as in receiving follow-up testing when the initial cancer screening test shows an abnormality. Examples presented here highlight inequities in cancer screening and follow-up testing as documented in recent studies: 28%* less likely Residents of the most socially vulnerable U.S. counties—areas that are adversely affected by natural disasters (e.g., disease outbreak) or socioeconomic deprivation (e.g., poverty)—were 28 percent less likely to receive colorectal cancer screening compared to those living in the least socially vulnerable U.S. counties (295). 25% less likely Hispanic individuals were 25 percent less likely to receive colorectal cancer screening compared to NHW individuals (296). 27.5% less likely Individuals living in Midwestern states were 27.5 percent less likely to receive LDCT for lung cancer screening compared to those living in the Northeastern states (297). 36% VS 22% Thirty-six percent of Asian women ages 21 to 65 did not receive cervical cancer screening compared to 22 percent of White women in the same age group (298). Only 50% Only 50 percent of transgender individuals had received breast cancer screening and only 47 percent had received cervical cancer screening within the past five years, based on a recent survey (299). 51% VS 3% Nearly 51 percent of women living in rural areas had limited access to mammography for breast cancer screening compared to just three percent of those living in urban areas (300). 44% less likely Black individuals were 44 percent less likely to have received lung cancer screening compared to White individuals (301). *All values in this sidebar are rounded to the nearest integer. LDCT, low-dose computed tomography; NHW, non-Hispanic White SIDEBAR 22 In February 2023, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services expanded the definition of colorectal cancer screening to also cover a follow-up colonoscopy. Previously, individuals had to pay 20 percent out-of-pocket cost toward a follow-up test if an initial stool-based test returned a positive result (294). The change has the potential to reduce inequities in colorectal cancer screening. Screening for Early Detection AACR Cancer Progress Report 2023 63
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