government agency providing the land may provide trash containers and pickup, benches, water fountains, and maintenance of the grass. Some dog parks charge a usage or permit fee. How do dogs’ benefit? In the past the hunting, herding, and guarding roles of dogs provided opportunities for companionship with other dogs and humans, as well as plenty of vigorous exercise. Exercise, in addition to improving the physical health of our dogs, also improves their mental health. Today many dogs spend a large portion of their day alone and inactive, and the stress of this abnormal lifestyle can result in many undesirable outcomes: obesity, self-mutilation, digging, chewing, soiling, barking, escaping, etc. Dogs are social animals, and those who are allowed to interact with other dogs and people, and taught appropriate behavior in social groups, are better behaved and more likely to be included in other activities with human companions. Posted dog park rules usually prohibit individual dogs with a known history of dangerous behavior and require owners not leave their dog unattended; thus, any dogs that exhibit dangerous behavior are removed immediately, and dogs learn that aggressive behavior is unacceptable. How do people benefit? Dog parks provide an important recreational outlet for humans too by bringing together dog lovers of all ages, health, social, and economic status. With dogs as social lubricants encouraging conversations among strangers, people in the community get to know each other and share information about responsible pet ownership. Dog parks enable people with disabilities and senior citizens who cannot always walk their dogs a safe alternative. By spending quality time with their pet at the dog park, owners strengthen the bond with their pet. Dog parks contain animals in
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