NIGHT SKY AND DARK ENVIRONMENTS: BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR ARTIFICIAL LIGHT AT NIGHT ON BLM-MANAGED LANDS TECHNICAL NOTE 457 52 Measures to aid dark adaptation for people and wildlife include the following principles: • Design should start with natural darkness and only add light for specific purposes. • Use adaptive light technology controls to manage light timing, intensity, and color. • Light only the object or specific area and ensure that lights are placed close to the ground and the light source is directed and shielded to avoid light trespass. • Use low-intensity lighting appropriate for the specific intent. • Understand the color values and material sources within the area being lit and the potential for light absorption and reflectivity. Where possible, use nonreflective, dark-colored surfaces. • Use lights with an amber, orange, or red color temperature (< 3000 K). 5.2.3 Encourage Alternatives to Permanent Lighting for Infrequent Lighting Needs Where lighting needs are infrequent, minimal, and temporary, consider using headlamps or flashlights (preferably using red light) in lieu of permanent lighting. Headlamps or flashlights are an alternative to permanent lighting for infrequent task work where doing so is consistent with safety laws and regulations. This practice greatly reduces ecological and human effects, saves the cost of installing and maintaining permanent lighting, and reduces wasted energy. Notes: The use of headlamps or flashlights in lieu of permanent lighting is not feasible where it would violate safety laws and regulations and may be inadvisable in areas where human-made hazards are prominent. Use vehicle-mounted lights or portable light towers for temporary task lighting. If possible, such lighting should use low correlated color temperature (CCT) and should be equipped with hoods or louvers and be aimed toward the ground to avoid causing glare and skyglow. As is the case for permanent lighting, it is recommended that luminaires meet the IES TM-15-20 BUG ratings (IES 2020) as installed for the applicable lighting zone performance standard (see Sections 5.1.2 and 5.4.5). Properly used, portable lighting provides lighting only where and when needed, thus reducing effects on wildlife and humans. Over time, it will usually result in cost savings and reduce wasted energy. Notes: Vehicle-mounted lights or portable light towers may contribute light pollution that is greater than properly installed permanent lighting. The difference is that the duration would be short and more localized. Some tasks may have lighting requirements that cannot be met by portable lighting units. Headlamps or flashlights (preferably with red lights) can be used in lieu of permanent lighting where feasible and safe to do so. Portable light tower.
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