NIGHT SKY AND DARK ENVIRONMENTS: BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR ARTIFICIAL LIGHT AT NIGHT ON BLM-MANAGED LANDS TECHNICAL NOTE 457 58 5.4.8 Use Low-Height, Fully Shielded Step or Path Lights Where lighting is needed for walking paths and stairways, use low-height, fully shielded step or path lights. This practice reduces light trespass and potential for glare. 5.4.9 Install Window Coverings Inside Buildings Install window coverings to prevent light spill at night from inside buildings, regardless of room occupancy (USFWS 2016). This practice reduces light trespass and glare potential and reduces attraction to wildlife. It also reduces heat loss in cold weather and reduces cooling costs in hot weather, thus saving money, reducing wasted energy, and improving privacy. Notes: For effectiveness, use window coverings on a regular basis. The use of occupancy sensors along with window coverings helps if occupants leave lights on and forget to use the window coverings. 5.4.10 Mount Lights at the Proper Height It is important to mount lighting at the proper height. Luminaires mounted too high cast light onto a larger area than necessary and may be too dim, such that brighter lighting is needed. Luminaires mounted too low may not illuminate a large enough area and may result in over lighting. Mounting lights at the proper height may reduce light trespass and glare and better illuminate tasks, which can improve safety and reduce human health effects. Notes: The need to lower the height of lighting could potentially result in needing more lights in some situations (thereby increasing installation and maintenance costs), or there could be situations where there is room for only one light, higher up than is desirable. Photometric studies should be performed to determine the best height and light output for the area that needs illumination. 5.4.11 Install Lights at the Tops of Signs and Buildings, Pointing Downward Install lights at the tops of signs and buildings pointing downward, rather than mounting on the ground pointing upward. This practice reduces skyglow and wasted energy. Asaph441 Low-height, fully shielded path lighting. Shielded ramp lighting. Notice the different colored light and the slight light bleed due to installation against a rough surface. Routine maintenance is important to ensure lighting plans are followed as intended.
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