NIGHT SKY AND DARK ENVIRONMENTS: BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR ARTIFICIAL LIGHT AT NIGHT ON BLM-MANAGED LANDS TECHNICAL NOTE 457 75 transmission (electric): the movement or transfer of electric energy over an interconnected group of lines and associated equipment between points of supply and points at which it is transformed for delivery to consumers or is delivered to other electric systems. Transmission is considered to end when the energy is transformed for distribution to the consumer. Also, the interconnected group of lines and associated equipment that performs this transfer. transmission line: a set of electrical current conductors, insulators, supporting structures, and associated equipment used to move large quantities of power at high voltage, usually over long distances (e.g., between a power plant and the communities that it serves). tunable CCT lighting: tunable spectral distribution or correlated color temperature (CCT) lighting is a programmable solid-state lighting technology that enables users to adjust the color temperature and brightness of a light source in real time. See correlated color temperature (CCT). unshielded luminaire: a luminaire capable of emitting light in any direction including downwards. See luminaire and fully shielded luminaire. uplight: light cast in an upward direction; light directed (in angle) above a plane perpendicular to the local direction toward nadir (straight down). vertical illuminance: illuminance measured on a vertical plane (i.e., the amount of light that lands on a vertical surface), such as a wall. See illuminance. visual acuity: the clarity of vision. Technically, a measure of the spatial resolution of the visual processing system. wilderness area: an area of undeveloped federal land retaining its primeval character and influence, without permanent improvement or human habitation, that is protected and managed so as to preserve its natural conditions and that (1) generally appears to have been affected primarily by the forces of nature, with the imprint of human work substantially unnoticeable; (2) has outstanding opportunities for solitude or a primitive and unconfined type of recreation; (3) has at least 5,000 acres of land or is of sufficient size as to make practicable its preservation and use in an unimpaired condition; and (4) may also contain ecological, geological, or other features of scientific, educational, scenic, or historical value. wilderness study area (WSA): an area of public land that is a candidate for official wilderness area designation by Congress. A parcel of undeveloped and undisturbed land that meets wilderness qualifications which Congress can later designate as wilderness. The Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 directs the Bureau of Land Management to inventory and study its roadless areas for wilderness characteristics.
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