Playing Smart changelabsolutions.org | kaboom.org 10 have established a robust policy or funding framework to fully support, incentivize, or guide local joint use efforts.29 A 2006 study found that only 29 percent of the nation’s public and private schools provided open access to their physical activity spaces and facilities outside of normal school hours.30 Moreover, it appears that in lower-income areas there is less access to schools, suggesting a disparity in community access.31, 32 As this toolkit illustrates, however, there are many bright spots across the country from which to learn and build upon. For example, a 2006 survey of California school districts found that nearly 60 percent already have some form of joint use in place, and half reported that they were in the process of building new schools that will incorporate some type of joint use facility.33 What Are the Barriers to Creating Joint Use Agreements? In some localities, community access has become more difficult due to school district concerns over liability and vandalism, budget cuts in facilities maintenance and staffing, and increased use by schools or school-connected groups. Joint use partnerships are not simple to implement, and they must be thoughtfully crafted. Even the seemingly straightforward act of unlocking school playgrounds on weekends takes time, money, administrative oversight, and political support to plan, fund, and implement; programs also can require ongoing coordination, communication, and cooperation among partners who have little or no history of working together.34 One study conducted in four communities in the United States found that safety, insurance, and liability concerns are key barriers.35 Joint use agreements can help address these and other concerns by clearly articulating each partner’s financial, legal, and operational responsibilities. But there is no one-size-fits-all approach. As the case studies in this toolkit illustrate, the terms of these agreements will vary depending on community needs and characteristics. Communities can put joint use agreements to work for more than school recreational facilities, expanding access to libraries, parks, and other city and county properties. Developing and nurturing joint use agreements creates a win-win for students and the entire community. This toolkit breaks down the elements of a strong joint use agreement and provides information about how to overcome potential barriers to implementation.
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