6 | NATIONAL RECREATION AND PARK ASSOCIATION GREEN STORMWATER INFRASTRUCTURE URBAN TREE CANOPY reduces and slows stormwater by intercepting precipitation in leaves and branches. Tree roots stabilize soil; trees also take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Many cities have set tree canopy goals to restore some of the benefits of trees that were lost when the areas were developed. Homeowners, businesses, and community groups can participate in planting and maintaining trees throughout the urban environment. LAND CONSERVATION: The water quality and flooding impacts of stormwater can be addressed by protecting open spaces and sensitive natural areas within and adjacent to a city or town (including upstream watersheds) while providing recreational opportunities for residents. Open spaces provide natural stormwater filtration and convey water more slowly than concrete drainage systems. Natural areas that should be a focus of this effort include riparian areas, wetlands, and undeveloped hillsides. VEGETATION MANAGEMENT: Comprehensive landscape design practices like proper plant selection and arrangement; the use of plants for weed control and surface stabilization; and good construction practices can help minimize maintenance costs and improve water quality. For example, selecting native plants that are water-efficient minimizes irrigation; while pest-resistant plants and turf grasses minimize the use of pesticides.10 Converting under-utilized turf areas to less maintenance-intensive forms of landscape can yield significant environmental and cost benefits while still providing attractive settings. VEGETATED BUFFERS: Healthy, vegetated buffers adjacent to waterways improve water quality and overall stream health by filtering and slowing stormwater runoff. They also provide additional benefits, such as connecting natural areas, providing important wildlife habitat, and providing areas for passive recreation trails (where compatible). Low Impact Development Center, Inc. Steve Droter/ Chesapeake Bay Program Panama City Beach Park and Recreation
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